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Covers the development of science within a regional, topical, social or political context. Many scientific discoveries were influenced or hindered by the political and cultural climate of the times.

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A Science Odyssey

Presents the people and the discoveries of 20th century science and technology in a variety of accessible, and interactive Web features. Based on the PBS television series.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/

Museum of the History of Science, University of Oxford

Library calalog, image library, and numerous virtual exhibits available online.
http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/

19th Century Scientific American

Though very different from todays Scientific American Magazine, the articles of the 19th Century Scientific American is a nice read for students of this period.
http://www.history.rochester.edu/Scientific_American/

Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Scientific Revolution


http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook09.html

Dibner Institute for History of Science and Technology

Research center at MIT, sponsors Fellows programs.
http://dibinst.mit.edu

Ancient Greek Science

Learn about the scientists of Ancient Greece, what they have contributed to science, and information about their background.
http://www.angelfire.com/ca5/ancientgreecescience

Selection Of Web And Other Internet Sources And Addresses

Long list of internet resources in the field of the history of science.
http://galileo.imss.firenze.it/~tsettle/index.html

HOPOS

Web site of The History of the Philosophy of Science Working Group.
http://scistud.umkc.edu/hopos/

History of Russian Science

WWW Virtual Guide to the History of Russian and Soviet Science and Technology
http://web.mit.edu/slava/guide/

Institute and Museum of History of Science - Florence, Italy

The museum and web site are particularly rich resources for the life and work of Galileo.
http://galileo.imss.firenze.it/

Internet for History and Philosophy of Science

A free "teach yourself" tutorial on Internet information skills for historians and philosophers of science.
http://www.humbul.ac.uk/vts/hps/
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Internet History of Science Sourcebook

Links to documents and Web resources pertaining to the history of science including original texts from great scientific thinkers.
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/science/sciencesbook.html

Profiles in Science

Biographical information and archival collections of several prominent twentieth-century American biomedical scientists.
http://profiles.NLM.nih.gov/

Sixty Centuries of Copper

A history of copper mining, the development of metal-working processes and the uses of copper through the past six thousand years; originally published in 1965.
http://60centuries.copper.org/

ECHO: Exploring and Collecting History Online

Dedicated to using the internet to collect and assemble (for the historical record) personal recollections of recent developments in science and technology, and to encouraging others to undertake similar projects. Includes a directory of history of scie
http://echo.gmu.edu/

History of Phrenology on the Web

Phrenology, though now generally discredited, was an important historical precursor of later developments in psychology and neuroscience. Contains essays, related images, a large bibliography, and digitized books.
http://pages.britishlibrary.net/phrenology/

Eric's Treasure Trove of Scientific Biography

Biography for a large number of scientists from Eric's good Treasure Trove project.
http://www.treasure-troves.com/bios/bios.html

Some Early Microscopes from the Optical Institute in Wetzlar

Carl Kellner founded what was named the Optical Institute in Wetzlar Germany in 1849. By 1851 he employed twelve workmen and was producing his first microscopes.
http://www.bestweb.net/~wissner/kellner/kellner1.html

The Scientific Revolution

Discusses the early development of scientific thought and method from 1543 and Copernicus' heliocentric view of the solar system to Isaac Newton's acceptance of a universal gravitational force.
http://mars.acnet.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/scientificrev.html

History of Salt

Sodium chloride in history, with many links to further relevant material. From the Salt Institute.
http://www.saltinstitute.org/38.html

H-Net Child

History of Childhood and Youth
http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~child/

Reviews of History of Science books

Reviews, by Danny Yee, of a range of books on the history of science, mostly popular titles.
http://dannyreviews.com/s/history_of_science.html

Isaac Newton Links

From The Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences.
http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/newton.html

International Commission on History of Meteorology

Information about the commission and about meetings discussion the history of meteorology.
http://www.colby.edu/ichm/

History of Optics

Timeline of optical discoveries and theories, from Euclid to the laser.
http://members.aol.com/WSRNet/D1/hist.htm

History of Science and Ethics Internet Resources

Links to museums, historical instruments galleries, electronic publications, papers, e-mail groups and books
http://www.lib.lsu.edu/sci/chem/internet/history.html

Robert Grosseteste's Imagination Symbol. Play Grosseteste Roulette!

Lots of links to pages concerned with this important mediæval scientist, although presented in a rather unorthodox manner.
http://www.calstatela.edu/faculty/nthomas/symbol.htm

The Antikythera Mechanism

An ancient greek geared mechanism, apparently a device for astronomical calculation.
http://www.giant.net.au/users/rupert/kythera/kythera.htm

Bright Sparcs

A biographical, bibliographical and archival database of more than 3,000 Australian scientists with links to related articles and images.
http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/

Faith and Reason.

On the historical interactions of science and religion. (From PBS.)
http://www.pbs.org/faithandreason/intro/histo-body.html

About Daylight Saving Time

History from Benjamin Franklin to the present. U.S. law and practice. Worldwide time change dates.
http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/

The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920

Documents the historical formation and cultural foundations of the movement to conserve and protect America's natural heritage.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amrvhtml/conshome.html

Archive for history of science of the Natural History Museum, Vienna

Information about the Archive's collections of Letters (e.g. Goethe, Humboldt) and drawings (e.g Ferdinand Lucas Bauer).
http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/NHM/Archiv/english2.html

A Science and Technology Odyssey

A Timeline of the History of Science and Technology from 20,000 BC to 1800.
http://www.science-ebooks.com/timeline

Epact: Scientific Instruments of Medieval and Renaissance Europe

Epact is an online database of medieval and Renaissance scientific instruments made before 1600 A.D.
http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/epact/

Birr Castle Demesne

A science museum in Ireland devoted to the astronomical, engineering botantical and photographical work of the Parsons family.
http://www.birrcastle.com/

The Scientific Revolution HomePage

Study Guide, Timelines, Biographies, Glossaries, Diagrams, Flash Movies, Searchable Catalogue of Sci-Rev Community, Bibliographies, Links, Original Research.
http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Home/index.htm

Philosophy, Science and Technology in India

History of rational philosophy, scientific method, epistomology and technology in ancient India.
http://india_resource.tripod.com/indianhistory.html

Science Timeline

A chronology from the 7th millenium BC to the present day, with brief explanations of events in the history of Western natural philosophy and sciences.
http://www.sciencetimeline.net/

SJSU Virtual Museum

Biographies from the history of mathematics, science, and technology.
http://www.sjsu.edu/depts/Museum/aamenu.html

Max Planck Institute for the History of Science

Located in Berlin, Germany. Publications and preprints, online primary sources, information about the institute, and links.
http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ENGLHOME.HTM

Women in Science and Medicine

Some brief biographies, and interactive quizzes on female scientists.
http://www2.worldbook.com/features/features.asp?feature=wscimed&page=html/intro.htm&direct=no

History of Evolutionary Thought

A timeline with information on major contributors to biology, geology, and paleontology from Aristotle up to the 20th century. From the UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/evothought.html

International Union of History and Philosophy of Science - Division of History of Science

Information on the organization, together with a links page and listings of upcoming conferences.
http://ppp.unipv.it/dhs

Today in Science History

Memorializes births and deaths of famous and not so famous scientists of the past, and other events in science history. Searchable.
http://www.todayinsci.com/

Museum of Microscopy

A virtual museum of microscopes, ranging from the earliest 16th century European instruments to modern microscopes from around the world.
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/museum/index.html

A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

Complete text of the 1896 classic by Andrew Dickson White.
http://human-nature.com/reason/white/contents.html

National Cataloguing Unit for the Archives of Contemporary Scientists

Catalogue of archives of the papers of contemporary British scientists.
http://www.bath.ac.uk/Centres/NCUACS/home.htm

History of Remote Sensing

Gives some hallmarks in the history of remote sensing, which, when tied to human history, have profoundly changed the way we view and understand our world.
http://observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/exhibits/history/history_0.html

Mayan Math

An exposition of Mayan calendar glyphs.
http://www.crystalinks.com/may.html

History of Science

Book reviews from The Bactra Review.
http://www.santafe.edu/~shalizi/reviews/subjects/history-of-science.html

Ptolemy's map

A small description of Ptolemy's famous map.
http://www.empereur.com/ptolemy.html

Jordanus

An international catalogue of mediaeval scientific manuscripts.
http://jordanus.ign.uni-muenchen.de/cgi-bin/iccmsm?seite=home&sprache=en

People of Ideas (Philosophers, Scientists and Theologians)

Brief biographies of many key figures, from ancient Greece to the late 20th century. By Presbyterian minister Miles Hodges.
http://www.newgenevacenter.org/reference/contents.htm

4000 Years of Women in Science

Women's contributions to Science, from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century.
http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/4000WS.html

History of the Physical Sciences in India

Essay outlining developments in the study of physics and chemistry in India. Lists some of the early atomic theories, as well as insights gathered in the fields of astronomy, optics, sound, and other branches of physics.
http://india_resource.tripod.com/physics.htm

Green Lion Press

Independent book publisher specializing in history of mathematics and history of science. Includes information on ordering, books available, and how to contact them.
http://www.greenlion.com/

Linus Pauling and the Twentieth Century : Virtual Tour of the Pauling Exhibit

Information on the life and work of one of the 20th century's most important chemists.
http://www.paulingexhibit.org/exhibit/

Calendars Through the Ages

History and FAQs of various calendars, including Julian, Gregorian, Jewish, Islamic, Chinese, and Mayan. Astronomy, years, months, and days of the week.
http://webexhibits.org/calendars/

'Lost Discoveries': The Non-Western Roots of Science

New York Times review of book by Dick Teresi on the contributions of Babylonians, Egyptians, Arabs, Indians, Chinese, Polynesians and Mesoamericans to the growth and development of the sciences. [Requires free registration.]
http://nytimes.com/2002/12/01/books/review/01HALLLT.html

Darwin-L Archives on the Historical Sciences

Archives of messages and supporting materials from Darwin-L, a professional discussion group on the history and theory of the historical sciences.
http://rjohara.net/darwin/

Resources in the History of Science and Technology

A directory of online and print resources from the University of Alberta library.
http://www.library.ualberta.ca/subject/historyscience/guide/index.cfm

History of Science in the United States

Bibliographies of reference and other works, including original sources, and an indexed chronology of American science 1790-1910.
http://home.earthlink.net/~claelliott/

Scientific Societies in the Second Golden Age of Dutch Science, 1850-1914

From the doctoral dissertation of Ilja Nieuwland.
http://homepage.mac.com/ilja/old/Societies1.html

Commentary On The Effects of Electricity On Muscular Motion

Facsimile of Galvani's original and an English translation.
http://dibinst.mit.edu/BURNDY/OnlinePubs/Galvani/GalvaniIntro.htm

Science and You

Several articles, mostly on history and philosophy of science, aimed at a lay audience.
http://www.scienceandyou.org/

Natural Magick

Giambattista della (John Baptist) Porta (1537?-1615), was a Neapolitan scholar of notable ability who had devoted great attention to the study of natural and physical science. Compendeum of life's work, completed in 1584. 1658 English Translation.
http://members.tscnet.com/pages/omard1/jportat2.html

Anyone Vague Science Essays

Twentieth century scientists write about their discoveries and about the value of science.
http://www.geocities.com/anyonevague/essays/

History of Science and Technology

A timeline of the history of science that can be organized by either date, or alphabetically by scientist's name, with (very) basic data and some links. Also provides a list of popularizing books on the subject.
http://www.ownyourself.com/scihist.nsf/date

Muslims in Science

Biographical sketches of many of the greatest contributors to the development of scientific thought from within the Islamic tradition.
http://www.hostultra.com/%7Emhegazy/muslims_in_science.htm

Who invented the thermometer?

Timeline showing the development of the thermometer from Galileo to Kelvin.
http://www.brannan.co.uk/thermometers/invention.html

The Cosmic Elk, science, history and the history of science

Webpages, articles, and books on science, history and the history of science, including the history of astronomy, Tudor history and the history of Siberia.
http://www.cosmicelk.co.uk

History of the Human Sciences

Quarterly interdisciplinary print journal, with information about its scope, purpose, and manuscript submission guidelines, as well as tables of contents back to 1997.
http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journal.aspx?pid=105577

Victorian Science

Science in the 19th century. Overview plus much specific information on themes, disciplines, and individuals.
http://www.victorianweb.org/science/sciov.html

Islamic Alchemy in the Context of Islamic Science

Focus on chemistry, botany and medicine with overviews in other areas.
http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam.html

Ancient Greece: Science and Technology

Discusses early inventions, such as calculating devices, machines using gears, steam engines, war technology, and town planning. Some mathematicians included are Thales, Pythagoras, Euclid, Archimedes, and Appolonius. Some topical concepts covered
http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Greeks.htm

Carnegie Mellon University: Social Science History

Reports research findings of the organization that crosses time and location for comparisons. Includes related association links.
http://www.hss.cmu.edu/departments/history/ssh-journal/

Muslim Scientists, Mathematicians and Astronomers Before European Renaissance, 700-1500 C.E.

Historical review of the Muslim contribution to humanity and Islamic Civilization. Gives biographies of scientists and describes their contributions and influence on European thought and discoveries.
http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/index.htm#scit

The Galileo Project

An extensive resource on the life, the times, and the work of Galileo Galilei.
http://galileo.rice.edu/

Catalog of the Scientific Community in the 16th and 17th Centuries

A collection of 631 detailed biographies of scientists. Part of the Galileo project, and compiled by the late Richard S. Westfall. The collection is searchable, but there does not appear to be a contents page.
http://galileo.rice.edu/lib/catalog.html

Science and Engineering Indicators: 2000

Report by the National Science Board and National Science Foundation on US science and technology, including education and R&D, from World War II to the end of the 20th century.
http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/seind00/

Events in Science, Mathematics and Technology

Neil Brandt's timeline covers historic highlights from classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, astronomy, cosmology, mathematics, and technology.
http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/scales/sh-30.pdf

In Our Time: Science Archive

In Our Time is a BBC Radio 4 series in which, in each program, Sir Melvyn Bragg discusses a topic in the history of ideas (in science, philosophy, culture, religion, or general history) with a trio of experts. This page indexes the discussions on science
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_science.shtml

Alchemy Web and Virtual Library

Comprehensive library of imagery, symbols, music, alchemical texts and commentary. Not historical in ntent, but contains many useful historical sources.
http://www.levity.com/alchemy/index.html

Echo Science and Technology Virtual Center

Annotated catalogue of history of science, technology, and medicine resources.
http://echo.gmu.edu/center.php

Jesuits and the Sciences: 1540-1995

An exhibit of rare scientific works from the Cudahy Collection of Jesuitica.
http://libraries.luc.edu/about/exhibits/jesuits/

Nobel e-Museum

Biographies and Nobel Lectures of the prizewinners, from the Nobel Foundation.
http://nobelprize.org/

From Antiquity to Einstein

Lecture notes from Jose Wudka of the University of California, Riverside. Page includes definitions and examples of early uses of scientific method, large numbers, early cosmology, Newtonioan laws, electricity, magnetism, waves versus pariticles, and lig
http://phyun5.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node2.html

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